Soap preparation



252. COMPOSITIONS,

Patented Jan. 7, 1936 UNITED STATES tXPllllH 1H PATENT OFFICE SOAP PREPARATION Delaware No Drawing. Application October 3, 1931, Serial No. 566,809. In Germany October 6, 1930 20 Claims.

This invention relates to a soap composition having as its total or principal ingredients a soap of any kind and a salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol, especially of a normal primary alcohol.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a soap composition which is totally stable in the presence of hard, strongly alkaline or acid waters, producing no insoluble precipitates whatever.

A further object is to produce a soap composition possessing very excellent cleansing, purifying and foaming powers, its properties being comparable only to the action of soap in completely softened water.

It has already been proposed to improve the stability of soap by adding thereto salts of sulphonated alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, or of sulphonated castor oil soap or of other preparations obtained by sulphonating oils or fatty acids. The use of such substances does to some degree delay or decrease separation of the soap into an insoluble precipitate, but the cleansing and foaming power is at the same time substantially and very objectionably decreased. In contrast to these prior compositions, the compositions of the instant invention retain in use the undiminished beneficial properties of the soap.

The soap in the composition may be of any kind. Soaps found to be particularly suitable include all kinds of soluble soaps, such as curd soaps; rosin curd soaps; soft soaps; sulphonated oil soap, such as sulphonated castor oil soap, and similar or related soaps. A suitable sulionated castor oil soap called monopol soap, is described in German Patent No. 113,433. It is of course understood that only soluble soaps are applicable.

Among the salts of sulphuric acid esters found suitable in compositions of the present invention there are particularly those of the acid sulphuric acid esters of lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol, and/or mixtures of the acid sulphuric acid esters of higher normal primary alcohols derived from the fatty acids contained in coconut oil by replacement of the carboxyl group by the group CHzOH.

If so desired, there may be included in any of the compositions one or more soap-addition products such as solvents for fats, washing agents or bleaching agents including hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, lower alcohols, cyclohexanol, glycerin; soluble phosphates, borax, waterglass; and persalts, such as sodium perborate.

The method by which the composition is compounded forms no part of the present invention. Such may conveniently be accomplished, for example, by mixing the soap with the dry salt of the sulphuric acid ester of the aliphatic alcohol, and pressing the mixture. As a further example, the soap in a melted condition may be mixed with the solid salt or with a solution of the salt. The resulting mixture if not already in powdered form may be reduced to such state, if desired.

The proportions of the soap and salt to be used in making up the compositions depend entirely upon the use to which the same is to be put, and principally upon the nature of the water with which the same is to be used. To be taken into consideration is its hardness, its salt content, or its degree of acidity. A mixture of 75% soap with 25% of the salt of the sulphuric acid ester of the fatty alcohol has been found extremely satisfactory for many purposes.

The salts employed are those of a soluble nature, in particular, the alkali metal salts such as sodium salt.

Example Melted grain soa in a quantity of 150 kgs. is thoroughly mixe y stirring with 50 kgs. of dodecyl sodium sulphate (the sodium salt of the acid sulphuric acid ester of lauryl alcohol).

When 2 kgs. of this soap preparation are dis solved in 1000 liters of water of 12 temporary hardness and 6 permanent hardness, the resulting solution possesses an extraordinarily good cleansing power, an exceedingly energetic foaming power, and will produce no insoluble precipitates even upon prolonged standing or upon heating. Other well-known soap compositions heretofore known, when made into a solution of the above nature deposit calcium soap in sticky form in large quantities and show a correspondingly very much reduced cleansing power and foaming capacity.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

l. A soap composition for use in hard water comprising in combination essentially a water soluble soap and a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol in proportions which prevent precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

2. A soap composition comprising in combination curd soap and a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol, said salt being used in a proportion which prevents precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

3. A stable soap composition comprising in combination rosin curd soap and a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol, said salt being used in a proportion which retains in undiminished amount the cleansing power of the soap.

4. A stable soap composition comprising in combination soft soap and a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol, said salt being used in a proportion which retains in undiminished amount the cleansing power of the soap.

5. A stable soap composition comprising in combination essentially a sulphonated castor oil soap and a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol, said salt being used in a proportion which prevents precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

6. A stable soap composition comprising in combination sulphonated castor oil soap and a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of a higher normal primary aliphatic alcohol, said salt being used in a proportion which prevents precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

7. A stable soap composition comprising in combination a water soluble soap and a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of lauryl alcohol.

8. A soap composition comprising in combination, a water soluble soap and a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of cetyl alcohol in a proportion of about 75% to 25%, respectively.

9. A soap composition comprising in combination, a water soluble soap and a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of stearic alcohol in proportions which prevent precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

10. A soap composition comprising in combination, a water soluble soap and a water soluble salt of sulphuric acid esters of higher normal primary aliphatic alcohols, said salt being used in a proportion which imparts to the composition powers comparable to soap in completely softened water.

11. A stable soap composition comprising in combination, a water soluble soap, a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol and an organic solvent of fats in proportions which prevent precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

12. A stable soap composition comprising in combination, a water soluble soap, a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol and an inorganic alkali salt having detergent properties in proportions which prevent precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

13. A soap composition comprising in combination, a water soluble soap, a water soluble salt of an acid sulphuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol andanagent commonly used for Bleaclrirrg fibegsfb'y means of'oxyg'e ,said salt being employed in a proportionwhich prevents precipitation oi the soap during use.

14. A stable soap composition comprising in combination, curd soap and dodecyl sodium sulphate.

15. A stable soap composition comprising in combination, a water soluble soap and a soluble salt of acid sulphuric acid esters of higher normal primary alcohols derived from the fatty acids contained in coconut oil by replacement of the carboxyl group by the group CHzOH.

16. A soap composition comprising in combination a preponderating amount of a water soluble soap and a lesser amount of an alkali metal salt of a sulfate of a higher aliphatic alcohol.

17. An alkali metal soap containing in combination a water soluble salt of a sulfuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic primary alcohol in suflicient proportion to prevent precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

18. A stable soap composition comprising in combination, a water soluble soap, a water soluble salt of an acid sulfuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol, and borax having detergent properties, in proportions which prevent precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

19. A stable soap composition comprising in combination, a water soluble soap, a water soluble salt of an acid sulfuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol, and water glass having detergent properties, in proportions which prevent precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

20. A stable soap composition comprising in combination, a water soluble soap, a water soluble salt of an acid sulfuric acid ester of a higher aliphatic alcohol, and soluble phosphates having detergent properties, in proportions which prevent precipitation of the soap during use in hard water.

HEINRICH BERTSCH. 

